![]() It is usually confirmed as an incidental finding during imaging tests to diagnose portosystemic shunts (PSS) or anatomical dissection during laparotomy ( 4, 5). The renal and postrenal caval blood is instead shunted toward an enlarged azygos vein, ensuring functional blood return to the heart ( 3, 4). In this anomaly, the CVC segment between the kidneys and liver does not form. This anomaly is also called azygos continuation of the CVC, CVC uniting with the azygos vein, and CVC absence, interruption, or discontinuation ( 1, 2). Segmental caudal vena cava (CVC) aplasia is a rare congenital vascular anomaly in dogs ( 1, 2). The use of 3D technologies in small animals has many advantages, and its use in vascular surgery, as in these cases, is also a therapeutic option worth considering. Both patients showed good recovery without any clinical symptoms or complications. An ameroid constrictor was used in the second case. ![]() According to the plan established based on the 3D rendered image and printed model, shunt occlusion was performed using cellophane banding in the first case. ![]() A patient-specific 3D vascular model was used for preoperative planning. Through 3D volume and surface rendering, the vascular anatomic anomaly of each patient was identified in detail. Two client-owned dogs were diagnosed with PSS along with segmental CVC aplasia using computed tomography. This case report describes the application of three-dimensional (3D) technologies for the surgical treatment of portosystemic shunt (PSS) with segmental caudal vena cava (CVC) aplasia. 2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea.1Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea.Jinsu Kang 1, Myungryul Yang 1, Yonghwan Kwon 1, Chorok Jeong 2, Namsoo Kim 1 and Suyoung Heo 1 *
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